Category: ARTICLE IX. AUTHENTICATION AND IDENTIFICATION

RULE 903. SUBSCRIBING WITNESS’S TESTIMONY A subscribing witness’s testimony is necessary to authenticate a writing only if required by the law of the jurisdiction that governs its validity. Notes (Pub. L. 93–595, §1, Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1945; Apr. 26, 2011, eff. Dec. 1, 2011.) Notes of Advisory Committee on Proposed Rules The common…

RULE 902. EVIDENCE THAT IS SELF-AUTHENTICATING The following items of evidence are self-authenticating; they require no extrinsic evidence of authenticity in order to be admitted: (1) Domestic Public Documents That Are Sealed and Signed. A document that bears: (A) a seal purporting to be that of the United States; any state, district, commonwealth, territory, or…

RULE 901. AUTHENTICATING OR IDENTIFYING EVIDENCE (a) In General. To satisfy the requirement of authenticating or identifying an item of evidence, the proponent must produce evidence sufficient to support a finding that the item is what the proponent claims it is. (b) Examples. The following are examples only — not a complete list — of…